Adjectives
An adjectives is a word which describes or modifies nouns, or states some attribute about nouns. The Hindi word for ‘adjective’ is विशेषण (visheshan).
In Hindi, adjectives are changed or inflected according to the gender (masculine feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the nouns they qualify.
Here is a list of some adjectives:
Hindi Word | Transliteration (Pronunciation) | English Translation |
---|---|---|
अच्छा | achchaa | good |
बुरा | buraa | bad |
नया | nayaa | new |
पुराना | puraanaa | old |
बड़ा | baRaa | big |
छोटा | chhoTaa | small |
मोटा | moTaa | fat |
पतला | patalaa | thin |
मीठा | meeThaa | sweet |
खट्टा | khaTTaa | sour |
In general, adjectives can be divided into those that end in आ and those that do no. For Hindi adjectives that end in आ, these adjectives are not changed for nouns that are masculine singular. For nouns that are feminine (singular or plural), the ending आ changes to ई, while for nouns that are masculine plural, the आ changes to ए. For example:
Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular/Plural | Masculine Plural |
---|---|---|
अच्छा | अच्छी | अच्छे |
बुरा | बुरी | बुरे |
नया | नई | नए |
पुराना | पुरानी | पुराने |
बड़ा | बड़ी | बड़े |
छोटा | छोटी | छोटे |
मोटा | मोटी | मोटे |
पतला | पतली | पतले |
मीठा | मीठी | मीठे |
खट्टा | खट्टी | खट्टे |
Here are some examples of adjectives with nouns:
Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural |
---|---|---|---|
अच्छा राजा | अच्छी रानी | अच्छे राजा | अच्छी रानियाँ |
बुरा लड़का | बुरी लड़की | बुरे लड़के | बुरी लड़कियाँ |
नया अध्यापक | नई अध्यापिका | नए अध्यापक | नई अध्यापिकाएँ |
पुराना कुत्ता | पुरानी बिल्ली | पुराने कुत्ते | पुरानी बिल्लियाँ |
सफ़ेद घर | सफ़ेद दीवार | सफ़ेद घर | सफ़ेद दीवारें |
Here are a few points to note:
- Adjectives that qualify feminine nouns are the same in singular and plural (e.g. अच्छी रानी vs. अच्छी रानियाँ)
- For masculine nouns that do not change in plural, you can tell whether they are singular or plural by looking at the adjective (e.g. अच्छा राजा vs. अच्छे राजा).
- Adjectives that do not end in आ remain unchanged depending on the noun e.g. सफ़ेद
- For adjectives and nouns that do not inflect (e.g. सफ़ेद घर), the only way to tell if they are singular or plural is to determine from the verb.
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